Atomic bombings

The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945. These two events represent the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date.

The History of the Jitterbug Dance

The jitterbug dance is composed of energetic, acrobatic and improvisational movements performed with a partner, solo or in a line. Under the umbrella of swing dance, its freedom of movement influenced other dance styles, including the shag, jive and push.

Name Origin

• The jitterbug takes its name from the jerky movements attributed to the exuberance of dancers during Prohibition, who had the "jitters" from drinking too much alcohol.

History

• The jitterbug originated in the United States and spread throughout the country and into Europe during World War II, becoming a popular social dance in the 1930s and '40s.

Music

• The jitterbug is danced to syncopated rhythms in 4/4 time commonly found in jazz and swing music. It is also danced to rock 'n roll and other styles of upbeat contemporary music.

Evolution

• As swing and jazz music evolved, so did the jitterbug. When the jitterbug became an accepted form of ballroom dancing in the mid-1940s, dancers enhanced their movements with tap and jazz steps. It became a popular dance with teenagers in the 1950s.

Holography

Around 1947, Scientist Dennis Gabor developed the theory of holography while working to improve the resolution of an electron microscope.

A holograph is is a technique which enables three-dimensional images to be made. It involves the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording. The image changes as the position and orientation of the viewing system changes in exactly the same way as if the object were still present, thus making the image appear three-dimensional image of an object.

The Hungarian-British physicist Dennis Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 "for his invention and development of the holographic method". 

The holographic recording itself is not an image; it consists of an apparently random structure of either varying intensity, density or profile.

In its early days, holography required high-power expensive lasers, but nowadays, mass-produced low-cost semi-conductor or diode lasers, such as those found in millions of DVD recorders and used in other common applications, can be used to make holograms and have made holography much more accessible to low-budget researchers, artists and dedicated hobbyists.

It was thought that it would be possible to use X-rays to make holograms of molecules and view them using visible light. However, X-ray holograms have not been created to date.

Fashion in 1940s

The Zoot Suit Riots

The Zoot Suit was an iconic fashion statement that opened the door to other fashion/cultural fusions such as Teddy Boys, Rock ‘n’ Roll, Punk  and hip-hop fashions today.

Zoot suit (occasionally spelled zuit suit) is a men's suit with high-waisted, wide-legged, tight-cuffed, pegged trousers, and a long coat with wide lapels and wide padded shoulders. 


This style of clothing became popular within the Chicano and African American community during the 1940s. In Britain the bright-coloured suits with velvet lapels worn by Teddy Boys bore a slight resemblance to zoot suits in the length of the jacket.

The Zoot suit  come from the New York jazz scene in the late 1930’s and very quickly became the uniform of young Black and Mexican Americans. It’s a totally exaggerated style, almost cartoon like with really wide baggy legged trousers, worn high on the waist with tight cuffs at the ankles. 

The jackets are long, almost 3/4 length with exaggerated shoulder pads and wide lapels. The finishing touches were the classic wide brim felt hat with a long feather and a watch and chain that hung down to the knee. Spatz were also common and pin stripes were definitely in.

Corporate Identity Designers 

The most amazing Corporate Identity Designer 

The Alfapay Designe is my best  CorporateIdentity Designer because it has a strong colors red and black and they used simple logo that shows that interduce their company. The envolop and the busniess card looks amazing. that is because they used different shapes with differet colors. Acutely, The Corporate Identity Designer of this company looks all relater to each anther because the used the same colors and font.

Artselector  Identity Designer is a good design because it looks more simple and creative that links the logo with the Art company. Indeed, i love the logo because it deals with important element which is color and by seeing the logo and the name of the brand people can figure that this logo is related with art sections.

This letterhead provides an important addition to a brand’s image, with a simple and careful placement of it’s logo and corporate design.Furthermore, it  use materials to reflect whenever shown corporate ideas and to be eye catching, It required designer to make efforts to match these all material to be both different and the same.

 The Worst Corporate Identity Designer

I disalike this Corporate Identity Designer because i hate the colors and the logo  it does not deal with financial company. I really prefer if they do not used dark blue and gold background becasuse it  looks massy and it is not professional  that shows miserable. 

I really hate this Corporate Identity Designer because it has a powerful colors that is not rest for people ice. Moreover, it is dislike the logo and where they placed it because it looks that it is jumping around the pages.

Paul Jackson Pollock

Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956), known as Jackson Pollock, was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his uniquely defined style of drip painting.In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy.Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related car accident.

His famous oil painting was Male and Female that was painted in 1942.  Jackson Pollock said regarding his art "When I am in a painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of 'get acquainted' period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc, because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess.

The Moon Woman suggests the example of Picasso, particularly his Girl Before a Mirror of 1932. The palettes are similar, and both artists describe a solitary standing female as if she had been x-rayed, her backbone a broad black line from which her curving contours originate. Frontal and profile views of the face are combined to contrast two aspects of the self, one serene and public, the other dark and interior.

Jazz musics

Music in the 1940s was mainly built around the Jazz and big band styles that were popular during the day. Artists likeRosemary Clooney, Count Basie, and Artie Shaw helped to define the musical era with their unique brand of entertaining crowds through their music. This was also the era of World War II, and many musical acts strived to reflect the pain that the country was going through while still remaining upbeat and positive about the impending future. The 1940's was a time for many breakthrough artists who made their mark in the history of music and several of them are still recognized as innovators in their day. 

One of the innovators of the 1940s musical style was Dizzy Gillespie. Known for his trademark puffy cheeks formed from being a prominent jazz trumpeter, Dizzy Gillespie was one of the prominent band leaders of the day. He also helped to create the bebop style of music, which consisted of a fast-tempo style of jazz combined with scat singing. Scat singing was a phenomenon that came to prominence during this era and it consisted of several nonsense but rhythmical syllables strung together to fit with the music. Dizzy Gillespie also helped to create the Afro-Cuban music trend that enjoyed popularity during the following years. This style combined musical aspects from both Latin and African influences. Dizzy Gillespie was also known for having a bent trumpet because it produced a unique sound that was characteristic of his particular sound. 

Cab Calloway was another popular scat jazz singer that came to prominence in the 1940s. In fact, he was so prominent in this field of music that he was often referred to as the “Hi De Ho” guy. One legend of how scat began tells of how Calloway forgot the words to a song during a performance and started improvising nonsense syllables to fit with the beat of the music. It was well-received by his audience and a new musical styles was born. His baritone voice was an excellent match for his style of jazz music, but he was also a very successful big band leader. His orchestra included some of the most prominent musicians of the era, including the aforementioned Dizzy Gillespie. Calloway is also synonymous with the Betty Boop cartoon because his popular song “Minnie the Moocher” was used as the score for one of the episodes. 


Bing Crosby helped to define the music of the 1940s as well as much of the music today. Most famous for his rendition of “White Christmas,” Crosby was a great musical talent during his day and musicians continued to be influenced for several decades, including Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, and Dean Martin. He was also a prominent entertainer in the field of improving troop morale during the war as he appeared several times to perform for them. Crosby instilled the idea into popular music that a performer could be a genuine artist rather than becoming a novelty act. He opened the door for future artists to have a well-rounded persona with lyrics that had significance. His popularity continued to throughout the 1940s and he also appeared in several movies. During the 1944- 1949 era, he was the largest box office draw in the world and his legacy continues to this day. 

Edward Hopper

Nighthawks is a 1942 painting by Edward Hopper that portrays people sitting in a downtown diner late at night. It is Hopper's most famous work and is one of the most recognizable paintings in American art. Within months of its completion, it was sold to the Art Institute of Chicago for $3,000, and has remained there ever since. Edward Hopper said that Nighthawks was inspired by "a restaurant on New York's Greenwich Avenue where two streets meet," but the image, with its carefully constructed composition and lack of narrative, has a timeless quality that transcends its particular locale. One of the best-known images of 20th-century art, the painting depicts an all-night diner in which three customers, all lost in their own thoughts, have congregated. Fluorescent lights had just come into use in the early 1940s, and the all-night diner emits an eerie glow, like a beacon on the dark street corner. Hopper eliminated any reference to an entrance, and the viewer, drawn to the light, is shut out from the scene by a seamless wedge of glass. The four anonymous and uncommunicative night owls seem as separate and remote from the viewer as they are from one another. The Nighthawks is an oil on canvas painting that  stored in Art institute of Chicago 

T-Shirt introduced in 1940s

 Different T-Shirt introduced in 1940s

On July the 13th, 1942, the cover story for Life magazine features a photo of a soldier wearing a T-shirt with the text "Air Corps Gunnery School". In the first few years after World War Two, the European fashion for wearing T-shirts as an outer garment, inspired mainly by new US army uniforms, spread to the civilian population of America. Sherry began business in 1948, the owner and founder, Quinton Sandler, was quick to catch onto the new T-shirt trend, and quickly expanded the screen print scarf company into the largest screen print licensed apparel producer in the United States. Soon more and more celebrities were seen on national TV sporting this new risqué apparel including John Wayne, and Marlon Brando. 

By 1948, the T-shirt became commonplace among civilians, as well as a marketing tool for political campaigns. The first recorded shirt featuring a slogan was for New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey’s presidential campaign, which read “Dew it for Dewey.” Fortunately for T-shirts, the outcome of that election had no bearing on the future of the garment’s popularity.

Eventually, the basic white shirt became more than just an undergarment and grew in popularity. Vets would often wear these undershirts as casual clothes, matched with the pants from their uniform, or while doing physical labor, like construction work or training. In 1942, Life magazine even featured a T-shirt-clad soldier on their cover

.

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

ENIAC was the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.

ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania.  ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory.

ENIAC's design and construction was financed by the United States Army during World War II. The construction contract was signed on June 5, 1943, and work on the computer began in secret by the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering starting the following month under the code name "Project PX".

The completed machine was announced to the public the evening of February 14, 1946 and formally dedicated the next day at the University of Pennsylvania, having cost almost $500,000 (approximately $6,000,000 today). It was formally accepted by the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps in July 1946. In 1987ENIAC was named an IEEE Milestone